Vocabulary#14: Volcanoes

hot spot: a very hot part of the mantle, where magma can melt throught a plate moving above it.

vent: a central opening in the volcanic area throught wich magma may scape.

lava: magma that reaches Earth surface and flows out of a vent.

crater: a cuplike hollow that forms at the top of a volcano around the vent.

geothermal energy: heat from below Earth surface.

cinder cone volcano: a steep sided cone that forms from explosive eruptions of hot rocks, ranging from particles to boulders.

shield volcano: a wide, gently sloped cone that forms from flows of lava.

composite volcano:  a cone formed from explosed eruption of hot rocks followed by a flow of lava, over and over.

Vocabulary#13: Earthquakes

fault: a huge crack in the crust, at or below the surface, the sides of which may show evidence of motion.

focus: the point where an earthquake starts, where rocks begin to slide past each other.

seismic waves: a vibriation that spreads out away from a focus when am earthquake happens.

epicenter: the point on Earth surface directly above the focus.

aftershock: the shaking of the crust after the initial shaking of an earthquake.

seismograph: a sensitive divice that detect the shaking of the crust.

magnitude: the amount of energy released by an earthquake.

Vocabulary#12:Moving Plates

Crust: Earth solid, rocky surface contaning the conteining the continents and ocean floor.

original horizontaly: the idea that some rocks or mountainsd where form by horizontal lines.

continental drift: the idea that in the past all the continents where together and that are still moving apart 1cm por year.

sea floor spriding: the idea that a new crust is forming under water sea floor.

magma: hot, molten rock below Earth surface.

plate tectonics: that earth is form by plates that moves.

mantle: Earth leyer beneath the crust.

subduction: where plates colide, the slidingof a denser oceanplate under another plate.

Vocabulary#11:Galaxys an Beyond

galaxy: a large group of stars held together by the gravity.

milky way: our home galaxy.

spectrum: a band of colors made when light white light is broken up.

expantion redshift: the shift of a spectrum of a galaxy toward longer (redder)wave lents to do the expansion of space.

big bang: the bigining of the univers, when the densyty of the universe was very haight.

background radietion: electromagnation radiotion left over the bing bang,

quasar: an extrimly bright, extrimly distant,hight energy source.

Vocabulary#10: Stars

star: a large, hot ball of gases, which is held together by gravity and gives off its own light.

Black hole: an object whoos gravity is so strong that light can not escape it.

parallax: the apparent shift in an object´s location when viewed from two positions.

Light year:  the distance light trvels in a year.                              

constelletion: a number of stars that appear to form a pattern.

magnitude: the brightness of a star.

nebula: a cloud of gases and dust in space.

super nova: a star that explodes.

Vocabulary#9 The Outer Solar System

Comet: a ball of rock and ice that orbit the sun.

Meteoroid: a small asteroid ( rocky object that orbit the sun ) , wich may be far out in the solar system or close to the inner planets.

meteor: a Meteoroid that enters Earth atmospher and borns with a strike of light.

meteorite: any part of the Meteoroid that reaches earth surface.

Vocabulary#8: The Inner Solar System

planet: a large body orbiting a star , such as the Sun.

asteroid: a rocky, metalic object that orbit the sun.

solar system: a star such as the sun, and all objects orbiting it.

Kepler laws: laws that summarize the movment of the planets.

Vocabulary#7: The Moon in Motion

phase of the Moon: the shape of the lighted part of the Moon seen from Earthat any time.

lunar eclipse: a blocking of a view of the full moon when the moon passes into Earth shadow.

Solar eclipse: a bloking out of a view of the sun when the earth passe throught the moon shadow.

tide: the regular rise and fall of the water level along a shorline.